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sin offering
A sin offering ((ヘブライ語:קרבן חטאת) ''korban khatta'at'', lit: "fault offering") is a biblical sacrifice offered as one means of attaining atonement for the committing of an ''unintentional'' sin (a sin committed in ignorance).〔''Jewish Encyclopedia''〕 This offering is brought only for those sins that had been committed unintentionally: intentional sins could only be absolved by other forms of atonement, or in severe cases kareth.〔Maimonides, Mishnah Torah, Laws of Unintentional Sins (''Shegogot'')1:1〕
==Etymology==
The Hebrew noun ''hatta'at'' "sin" comes from the verb hata' (חָטָא) "to sin." The first use is in the sentence "sin lies at your door" to Cain in Genesis 4. The noun ''hata'at'' can mean "sin," or also by metonymy in phrases such as "the bullock ... it is sin," or "a bullock for a sin, for atonement": it can also stand for sin offering. The high priest was instructed to "lay his hand upon the head of the sin (rosh ha-khatta't רֹאשׁ הַֽחַטָּאת), and slay the sin in the place of the burnt offering" (Leviticus 4:29). To avoid confusion, the more explanatory term ''korban khatta'at'' "a sacrifice of sin" (Hebrew: קרבן חטאת ) is found in rabbinical commentaries.〔Brown Driver Briggs ''Hebrew Lexicon'' entry ''hatta'at''〕
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew term "sin" is sometimes directly translated as "sin" - either by the Greek feminine noun ''hamartia'' ("sin" ἁμαρτία), or less commonly by the neuter noun ''hamartemata'' ("result of sin," "sinful thing" ἁμάρτημα) thereby duplicating the metonymy in the Hebrew text. More often the Greek paraphrases the Hebrew with expressions such as "that which is for sin" (''peri hamartias'' περὶ ἁμαρτίας) or "for sins" (''hyper hamartion'' ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν) - since the Greek noun ''hamartia'' does not have the double meaning of the noun ''khatta'at'' in Hebrew.〔Bauer Greek Lexicon, entry ''hamartia''〕
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